What does "beam" refer to in boating terms?

In boating terminology, "beam" specifically refers to the maximum width of a vessel. This measurement is critical as it affects the stability and handling characteristics of the boat. A wider beam generally provides better stability, making the vessel less likely to tip, while a narrower beam can enhance speed and maneuverability, but may compromise stability. Understanding the beam of a boat is essential for determining how it will perform on the water and is a fundamental aspect of vessel design and operation. The other terms mentioned in the options refer to different aspects of a boat's dimensions and structure, but none accurately define "beam" as it is understood in boating context.