Which vessel should always be the stand-on vessel unless overtaking?

A sailing vessel is designated as the stand-on vessel under the rules of navigation, except when it is being overtaken by another vessel. This classification stems from the principle that sailing vessels, which typically rely on wind for propulsion, may not be able to maneuver as quickly or as easily as powered vessels. By ensuring they have the right of way in most situations, the navigation rules aim to reduce the risk of collisions and enhance safety on the water.

In maritime regulations, the stand-on vessel is expected to maintain its course and speed, while the give-way vessel must take action to avoid a collision. The specific role of sailing vessels as stand-on vessels acknowledges their unique operational limitations compared to other types of vessels, particularly power-driven ones that have greater maneuverability and can more easily alter course or speed.

The idea that all vessels should give way to sailing vessels (the option that suggests all vessels in the area are treated equally) does not hold, as the rules are context-specific, and the dynamics of interaction between different types of vessels (like power-driven vs. sailing) are taken into account. The same applies to commercial vessels; although they often have their own navigation rules, they do not override the specific status of sailing vessels in this context.